Want to buy your first home? You probably have some cash saved for a down payment and recommendations for realty agents from savvy friends. But have you cleared your credit report, hired a tax adviser, or weighed FHA financing, compared with a conventional mortgage?
Kasara Williams, 31, has taken all three steps in a yearlong quest to buy her first home. ‘‘This whole experience has taught me that it’s important to have your financial act in order,’’ said Williams, of Arlington, Va.
Not every first-time buyer needs a tax adviser, as Williams did to withdraw part of her IRA without being penalized. But everyone should prepare early with orderly finances, information, and plenty of patience for a long, complicated process.
Mortgage lenders and home sellers have become more demanding in the documentation they require. And with the market heating up, you should think through the contingencies and prepare your balance sheet to compete with other buyers. Here’s a primer:
Credit and Savings
Request a free copy of your credit report from the three major credit bureaus atwww.annualcreditreport.com. To avoid scams, use only this link. If you see accounts you don’t recognize or negative marks on your credit report, clear them up now.
‘‘You’d be surprised. Your parents might be on there, your cousins,’’ said Mary Malgoire, founder of Family Firm, a financial advisory firm. ‘‘It’s really important to clean it up before you start this whole process.’’
Williams learned that her father was still a joint holder on her checking account, so she asked him to write a letter certifying that all the funds were hers. She also noticed a negative item about an old dispute with Verizon over a land line that had never functioned.
‘‘I had to call them multiple times until I could talk to someone who was sympathetic and would get it removed,’’ she said.
If you see old credit cards that you no longer use, consider closing some, starting with the newest, low-limit cards that are unused. Lenders prefer a low ratio of debt to credit limit, so it’s good to have more credit available than you use. They also like to see longstanding relationships, so don’t close your oldest account. And if you close too many credit cards in a short period, that raises a red flag, as well.
Step 2: Stick to a budget
Create or revise your monthly budget so you’re setting aside the money you would pay as a homeowner that you don’t pay as a renter. This includes the mortgage, mortgage insurance, property taxes, condo or homeowner association fees, home furnishings, maintenance, cleaning, and any utilities or fees your landlord pays.
Living within this budget will teach you what you truly can afford and help you pay off credit card debt or add to the savings you should have amassed for a down payment.
Bank and credit card statements will probably be requested later by lenders. Start keeping financial statements and pay stubs in a file, where you’ll put new documents as they arrive so everything remains current.
This is an opportunity for a reality check, said Kate Fries, a certified financial planner at Family Firm. Will you stay in the area for at least five years, and do you have enough saved beyond the down payment for moving costs, maintenance, and repairs?
‘‘A lot of people jump into homeownership before they should. They get excited — their friends are doing it, the rates are really low, and the idea that you should own a home. That’s not always a good starting point,” Fries said. Review your plans to see whether you might move to another city for work or add to your household through marriage or childbirth, both of which have implications for your income, location, and size of your home, said Carter Ferrington, at Vogel Realty.
Step 3: Find a good agent
Not only can your real estate agent advise you on neighborhoods and listings, that person is